The Human Teeth

Types of Teeth

Grinders and Cutters

Human adults have 32 teeth, divided into four different types based on their shape and function in mechanical digestion.
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Key Points

  1. Incisors (8): Flat, sharp-edged teeth for cutting and biting.
  2. Canines (4): Sharp, pointed teeth for tearing food.
  3. Premolars (8): Broad, flat teeth used for crushing.
  4. Molars (12): Large, sturdy teeth for heavy grinding.

Olympiad Fact

Elephant tusks are actually modified upper incisors, while walrus 'tusks' are modified canines.

Tooth Structure and Decay

Protecting Enamel

A tooth has a crown (visible part) and a root (inside the gum). Enamel is the hardest part of the body, but it can be destroyed by acid produced by bacteria.
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Key Points

  1. Enamel: The protective white outer layer of the tooth.
  2. Dentin: The hard layer under the enamel.
  3. Pulp: The center containing nerves and blood vessels.
  4. Dental Caries: Holes (cavities) caused by sugar-eating bacteria producing acids.
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